Trends In Managing Information Technology In 2020

Trends In Managing Information Technology In 2020

International Journal Of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)

                                                               

ISSN: 0975-5586 (Online); 0975 - 5926 (Print)

http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/ijmit.html

  

CO-Evolution Between CCC-Driven Cash Flow Management And Transformation Of R&D – Amazon’s Endeavor

Yuji Tou¹, Chihiro Watanabe ^2,3, Pekka Neittaanmäki², ¹Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, ²University of Jyväskylä, Finland and ³International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria

Abstract

Amazon became the world R&D leader in 2017 by rapidly increasing R&D investment. The company’s extremely large amount of R&D funds is the result of an ample free cash flow generated by sophisticated cash conversion cycle (CCC) management. Increased R&D induced business advancement and lean cost structure construction leading to further increase in cash flow which has stimulated interaction between vendors, customers, and Amazon via the Amazon marketplace. Activated interaction accelerated CCC advancement, a subsequent free cash flow increase, and user-driven innovation, thus accelerated the transformation of routine and periodic alteration activities into significant improvement simultaneously. All of these components function together as a consolidated sophisticated machine.

In light of the increasing concern to R&D resources development without the dilemma of a productivity decline that most digital economies are now confronting, this paper demonstrated the above hypothetical view.

An intensive empirical analysis focusing on the development trajectory of Amazon’s techno-financing system over a period from 1997 to 2018 was conducted.

An insightful suggestion to neo open innovation that fuses financing management and R&D management was thus provided

Keywords

R&D, Transformation, Cash flow management, Cash conversion cycle, Amazon

Full Text: http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V11N3/11319ijmit01.pdf

Abstract URL: http://aircconline.com/abstract/ijmit/v11n3/11319ijmit01.html

References

[1] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., & Neittaanmäki, P., 2018. Neo Open Innovation in the Digital Economy: Harnessing Soft Innovation Resources. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (4), 53-75.

[2] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., & Neittaanmäki, P., 2019b. Harnessing Soft Innovation Resources Leads to Neo Open Innovation. Technology in Society, in print.

[3] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Vurpillat, V., & Neittaanmäki, P., 2019a. A New Concept of R&D in Neo Open Innovation: Transformation of R&D Triggered by Amazon. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 11 (1) 17-35.

[4] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Naveed, N., Vurpillat, V., & Neittaanmäki, P., 2019c. The Transformation of R&D into Neo Open Innovation: A New Concept of R&D Endeavor Triggered by Amazon. Technology in Society 47, in print.

[5] Price, R., 2013. Cash Flow at Amazon.Com. Accounting Education 28 (2), 353-374.

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[7] Naruge, M., 2018. Amazon, The World Top Strategy. Diamond Co., Tokyo.

[8] Kenney, M., 2013. The Growth and Development of the Internet in the United States. In: Cogut B, Ed. The Global Internet Economy. MIT Press, Massachusetts.

[9] Knott, A.M., 2017. How Innovation Really Works: Using the Trillion-Dollar R&D fix to Drive Growth. McGraw Hill, New York.

[10] Galloway, S., 2017. The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. Penguin Random House LLC, New York.

[11] Watanabe, C. & Tou, Y., 2019. Transformative Direction of R&D: Lessons from Amazon’s Endeavor. Technovation, in print.

[12] Amazon, 2018. Amazon.Com. Inc. Annual Report 2017. Amazon.Com, Inc., Seattle. http://www.annualreports.com/Company/amazoncom-inc (retrieved 06.01.2019).

[13] Amazon, 2019a. Amazon.Com. Inc. Annual Report 2018. Amazon.Com, Inc., Seattle. https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/0f9e36b1-7e1e-4b52-be17-145dc9d8b5ec(retrieved 02.07.2019).

[14] Bloomberg, 2018. 2018 Global Innovation 1000 Study. Bloomberg, New York.

[15] Bezos, J.P., 2005. 2004 Letter to Shareholders. Amazon.com, Inc., Seattle.

[16] Amazon, 2019b. Amazon.com, Inc,, Income Statement. Amazon.Com. Inc., Seattle. https://fairlyvalued.com/company/AMZN (retrieved 02.07.2019).

[17] Panigrahi, A.K., 2013. Cash Conversion Cycle and Firms’ Profitability. International Journal of Current Research 6, 1484-1488.

[18] Zakari, M. and Saidu, S., 2016. The Impact of Cash Conversion Cycle on Firm Profittability: Evidence from Nigerian Listed Telecommunication Companies. Journal of Finance and Accounting 4 (6), 342-350.

[19] Zeidan, R. and Shapir, O.M., 2017. Cash Conversion Cycle and Value-enhancing Operations: Theory and Evidence for a Free Lunch. Journal of Corporate Finance 45, 203-219.

[20] Uenlue, M., 2018. Amazon Business Model: Three Customer Value Propositions. Innovation Tactics, 22 August 2018. https://www.innovationtactics.com/amazon-business-model-part-2/(retrieved 10.06.2019).

[21] Watanabe, C. and Tou, Y., 2003. An Empirical Analysis on the R&D Investment Inducing System in Japanese-style Management. Research Policy and Technology Management 16 (3/4), 184- 202.

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National Cultural Dimensions and Electronic Clinical Records Acceptance: an Exploratory Study

Ouiame BENALI IDRISSI and Khalid CHAFIK, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Morocco

Abstract

The purpose of the present paper is to describe the development of a measurement scale, to assess the impact of the national cultural factors on the electronic clinical records acceptance in the Ibn Sina Hospital Center(CHUIS)in Morocco. The methodology assumed is based on the Churchill paradigm (1979).Thus, our contribution focuses on the exploratory phase, where the items have been analysed using principal components analysis (PCA) and internal consistency with Cronbach’s Alpha (α). The results show a satisfactory factorial structure and excellent reliability of all the items.

Keywords

National culture- technology acceptance- exploratory factor analysis- measurement scale- reliability.

Full Text: http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V11N3/11319ijmit02.pdf

Abstract URL: http://aircconline.com/abstract/ijmit/v11n3/11319ijmit02.html

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A New Concept Of R&D In NEO Open Innovation - Transformation Of R&D Triggered By Amazon

Yuji Tou¹, Chihiro Watanabe ^{2, 3}, Kuniko Moriya ^{2, 4}, Victor Vurpillat⁵, Pekka Neittaanmäki²,

¹Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

²University of Jyväskylä, Finland,

³International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria,

 ⁴Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan, Japan and

⁵Global Connexus Inc., USA

ABSTRACT

Amazon was the world’s top R&D firm in 2017. Its R&D investment was double that of 2015, quintuple that of 2012, and tenfold that of 2011. It deploys a unique R&D model as conducting “routine or periodic alternations” and “significant improvement” simultaneously. Since traditionally the former is classified as non-R&D, Amazon’s rapid and notable increase has raised the question of a new R&D definition in the digital economy. By means of an empirical analysis of the Amazon’s R&D model, this paper attempted to provide a convincing answer to this question. Amazon has invested considerable resources in extremely innovative business areas, which has developed its assimilation capacity. In parallel with such forefront innovation, Amazon is endeavoring to absorb soft innovation resources from external markets and assimilate them into its business model. This then transforms “routine or periodic alternations” into “significant improvement”, leading to the company becoming the world’s top R&D firm. Such an endeavor has triggered a new concept of R&D in neo open innovation and revealed the significance of a transformation of the R&D concept in the digital economy.

KEYWORDS

R&D, neo open innovation, Amazon, transformation, technology and content

Full Text:  http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V11N1/11119ijmit02.pdf

Abstract URL: http://aircconline.com/abstract/ijmit/v11n1/11119ijmit02.html

References

[1] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., & Neittaanmäki, P., 2018. Neo Open Innovation in the Digital Economy: Harnessing Soft Innovation Resources. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (4), 53-75.

[2] Bloomberg, 2017. 2017 Global Innovation 1000 Study. Bloomberg, New York.

[3] Fox, J., 2018. Amazon, the Biggest R&D Spender, Does Not Believe in R&D. Bloomberg Opinion, 13 April 2018. https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-04-12/amazon-doesn-t-believe-in research-and-development-spending (retrieved 22.09.2018)

[4] Gershgorn, D., 2018. Amazon’s R&D Spending is Poised to Top the GDP of Iceland. Quarts, 28 December 2018.

[5] World Bank, 2018. National Accounts Data. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

[6] Watanabe, C., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., 2018b. A New Paradox of the Digital Economy: Structural Sources of the Limitation of GDP Statistics, Technology in Society 55, 9-33.

[7] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., 2018c. Measuring GDP in the Digital Economy: Increasing Dependence on Uncaptured GDP. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 137, 226-240.

[8] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P., 2015. Dependency on Un-captured GDP as a Source of Resilience beyond Economic Value in Countries with Advanced ICT Infrastructure: Similarities and Disparities between Finland and Singapore. Technology in Society 42, 104–122.

[9] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P., Tou, Y., 2016. Operationalization of Un-captured GDP: The Innovation Stream under New Global Mega-trends. Technology in Society 45, 58–77.

[10] Galloway, S., 2017. The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. Penguin Random House LLC, New York.

[11] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. & Neittaanmäki, P., 2018. The Transformative Direction of Innovation toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms. Technology in Society 53, 23-46.

[12] Kenney, M., 2013. The Growth and Development of the Internet in the United States. In: Cogut B, Ed. The Global Internet Economy. MIT Press, Massachusetts.

[13] Knott, A.M., 2017. How Innovation Really Works: Using the Trillion-Dollar R&D fix to Drive Growth. McGraw Hill, New York.

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It Service Management System For Central Bank Of Sudan

Elshimaa Badr Eldin Hago¹ Maria Emmalyn Asuncion De Vigal Capuno² And Salah Hassan Malik Ali³

Faculty of Information Technology, Future University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract

IT Service Management System is an application to implement and manage Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) best practices framework. This framework aims to align the IT services with the business needs by insuring the quality of services provided to business. This IT service Management system links people, processes and technology within the Central Bank of Sudan as the main site of the project. The Central Bank of Sudan is the main bank that governs Sudan's banks rules and regulations. The bank was formed in 1960 with headquarters located in the Khartoum capital of Sudan in addition to eighteen (18) branches spread throughout the country. The Information Technology Administration within the Central Bank of Sudan manage and operate the IT infrastructure that host and support all systems that used internally and for external banks. The objective of this study focused on finding IT service management system that can support international IT service management platform that can apply ITIL standard processes like Incident Management, Service Request Management, Problem Management, Change Request Management, Configuration Management Database and Knowledge Management. The methodology used in this system is the Rapid Application Development (RAD), a condensed development process that produces a high quality system with low investment costs. The proposed system went through to alpha, beta and acceptability tests by IT development team first and second line of support agents to ensure proper module functionality with favorable results. The study concluded in align services provided by the Information system department with business need through manageable and controllable standard. As a recommendation, the system should be implemented at the Central Bank of Sudan. More integrations and benchmarking must be done to ensure modules functionalities and higher security. The system can be the first step to take ISO20000 certificate as it covers many of IS020000 requirements.

Keywords

IT Service Management System, Information Technology Infrastructure Library, Rapid Application Development Methodology, Change Management

Full Text:  http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V11N2/11219ijmit01.pdf

Abstract URL: http://aircconline.com/abstract/ijmit/v11n2/11219ijmit01.html

References

 

[1]. Ada Hui-Chuan Chen. (2010). Issues In Implementing Information Technology Service Management, Department of Management Information Systems, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C

[2]. Ahmed TahaMirgani Ahmed.(2017). Enterprise Resources Planning System with Virtual Desktop Infrastructure for Alsaid Mills, Sudan. Master thesis for Master of Science in Information Systems. Future University Sudan.

[3]. Ali AbdellatifAlhajKhogali. (2018). “Knowledge Based Employee Management System for Al-Majdi Plastic Products Factory”, Sudan. Master thesis for Master of Science in Information Systems. Future University Sudan.

[4]. BananYahiaMursiIdris. (2017). E-Service System for Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Future University, Sudan. Master thesis for Master of Science in Information Systems. Future University Sudan.

[5]. Barclay Rae, President, itSMF UK (IT Service Management Forum International). (2017). Impact of IT Service management systems, IT Service Management Survey 2017 results

[6]. British Standard ISO/IEC 20000-1. (2011). Information Technology - Service management supersedes BS ISO/IEC 20000-1:2005, BS ISO/IEC 20000 Foundation Handouts

[7]. Fatemeh Arabalidousti, RaminNasiri and MahsaRazaviDavoudi.(2014). “Developing a New Architecture to Improve ITSM on Cloud Computing Environment”, Islamic Azad University, Iran.

International Journal on Cloud Computing: Services and Architecture, Volume: 4 - volume Number: 1

[8]. Pankesh Patel, AjithRanabahu, AmitSheth.(2009). “Service Level Agreement in Cloud Computing”. (2009) No. 24(2), pp. 6-14.

[9]. Wassermann, B.; Ludwig, H.; Laredo, J.; Bhattacharya, K.; Pasquale, L. (2009). “Distributed cross domain change management”. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Web

[10]. Yassin Mohamed Alamin. (2017). “E-Governance for the Community Development Funds Projects for Ministry of Finance and National Economy” Sudan, Sudan. Master Thesis for Master of Science in Information Systems. Future University Sudan.

Authors

Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currently specially appointed associate professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Chihiro Watanabe graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently Professor Emeritus at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, a research professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

Kuniko Moriya graduated from Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, and is currently is currently Director of the Bank of Japan.

Victor V. Vurpillat graduated from Calfornia State Polytechnic University, USA, and is currently Chairman of the Board and Director of Research, Global Connexus Inc., USA

Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the University of Jyväskylä with a degree in Mathematics. He is currently Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.

The Development of Research Recommendation System for Southern Thailand Development

Nawapon Kewsuwun¹, Kanyarat Kwiecien¹ and Chumchit Sae-Chan²,

¹Khon Kaen University, Thailand and ²Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

Abstract

The research was to identify needs on design and development of a research recommendation system for 14 southern province Thailand development. The system employs semantic search function, research system structure and scope of knowledge during January 2008 to December 2017. 3,873 entries had been gathered from Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS), Thai National Research Repository (TNRR), and Southern universities research database by employing textual analysis and knowledge organization focusing on Classification Approach and categorization which main topics are sorted and categorized. To develop ontology, it applies knowledge engineering concept and using Protégé Ontology Editor version 3.5 beta and version 5.5 beta to process the data for the accurate system development according to user-centered design concept. The study findings were the developed system is able to support information exchange, information retrieval, and research search and to decrease research redundancy and unnecessary budgeting. Moreover, the system could possible enhance conducting more innovations, confirming experts in the area, showing research trends, and showing research results on related fields, strategies, and problems which leads to the Southern developments extensively. After the implementation, the users’ overall opinions and satisfaction was at a high level ( = 4.14, S.D = 0.14) and information retrieval efficiency of system was at a good level (overall = 0.70-0.88) with 0.70 accuracy, 0.78 recall, 0.88 precision, and 0.82 F-measure.

Keywords

Research recommendation system, southern Thailand development, research for development, information and knowledge management, Ontology.

Full Text:  http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V11N4/11419ijmit02.pdf

Abstract URL: http://aircconline.com/abstract/ijmit/v11n4/11419ijmit02.html

References

[1] Office of Southern Border Administration Management. (2018). Policy and Strategic of Southern Borde report, Songkla, Thailand.

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Authors

Nawapon Kewsuwun is a Ph.D. Candidate in Information Studies at Khon Kaen University (KKU) (Got the grant as the project “The Development of lecturer and Personnel for Higher  Education Institutions in the Specialized Development Zone of the Southern Border Provinces” from Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation, Thailand.). He got the bachelor degree: bachelor of business admiration in Computer Information System, the master degree: master of Industrial Education in Educational Technology

Kanyarat Kwiecien is an assistant professor at department of Information Sciences, Khon Kaen University (KKU), Thailand. She got the bachelor degree: Bachelor of art in Library Sciences and Information Sciences, the master degree: master of art in Library and Information Sciences and got  the Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technology for Education from Chulalongkorn University, Thailand. She has experience in many positions such as the director at Digital Humanities Research Group, an assistant director of KKU – Smart Learning, and an editorial board of Journal of Information Sciences Khon Kaen University.

Chumchit Sae-Chan is an assistant professor at department of Library and Information Sciences, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Thailand. She got the bachelor degree: Bachelor of Education in Education, the master degree: master of art in Library Sciences and got the Ph.D. in Library Sciences from Simmons College, U.S.A. She has experience in many positions such as the deputy dean for Research and Graduate Studies at Prince of Songkla University (PSU), an editorial board in Journal about knowledge and Information management, library and information sciences and related filed, and an expert of National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT).