International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)
ISSN:
0975-5586 (Online); 0975-5926 (Print)
Current Issue:
November 2018, Volume 10, Number 4
Table of Contents
Paper -01
Hybrid Role of
Soft Innovation Resources : Finland's Notable Resurgence in the Digital Economy
Yuji Tou1, Chihiro Watanabe2,3, Kuniko Moriya2,4, Pekka Neittaanmaki2
1Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Japan, 2University of Jyvaskyla, Finland, 3International
Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria and 4Bank of
Japan, Japan
ABSTRACT
Finland and Singapore are
easy to compare, they are the same size and have similar positions as global
digital leaders. however, their performance is differing a lot. from 2006 to
2013, Singapore’s GDP growth rate was tenfold compared to Finland. four years
later, in 2017 Finland is exceeding the growth rate of Singapore. what are the
reasons for the success of Finland? An empirical analysis of the factors
contributing to GDP growth and the effects of the policy change was conducted.
It was demonstrated that increase of export did not explain growth, but shifts
in capital formation did. New dynamics was revealed that was triggered by the
removal of structural impediments (hindrances) and by increasing use of soft
innovation resources. The virtuous cycle of increase of uncaptured GDP,
increased multifactor productivity and growth of tangible capital and GDP was
described. An insightful suggestion for activating a hybrid role for soft
innovation resources in the digital economy was thus provided.
KEYWORDS
Digital
economy, soft innovation resources, multifactor productivity, competitiveness
pact, Finland and Singapore
REFERENCES
[1]
Department of Broadband, Communications and the
Digital Economy (DBCDE), (2009) Digital Economy Future Directions, DBCDE,
Camberra.
[2]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Zhao, W., (2015a)
“New Paradigm of ICT Productivity: Increasing Role of Un-captured GDP and
Growing Anger of Consumers,” Technology in Society, Vol.41, pp 21–44.
[3]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P.,
(2015b) ”Dependency on Un-captured GDP as a Source of Resilience beyond
Economic Value in Countries with Advanced ICT Infrastructure: Similarities and
Disparities between Finland and Singapore,” Technology in Society, Vol. 42, pp
104–122.
[4]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P., Tou,
Y., (2016) ”Operationalization
of Un-captured GDP: The Innovation Stream under New Global Mega-trends,”
Technology in Society, Vol. 45, 58–77.
[5]
Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y.
&Neittaanmäki, P., (2018b) ”Consequences of the
Digital Economy: Transformation of the Growth Concept,” International
Journal of Managing Information Technology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp 21-39.
[6]
Tou, Y., Moriya, K., Watanabe, C., Ilmola, L.
&Neittaanmäki, P., (2018) ”Soft Innovation
Resources: Enabler for Reversal in GDP Growth in the Digital Economy,”
International Journal of Managing Information Technology, Vol. 10, No. 3, in
print.
[7]
World Economic Forum (WEF), (2017) The Global
Information Technology Report, 2017, WEF, Geneva.
[8]
Watanabe, C., Tou, Y. &Neittaanmäki, P.,
(2018c) ”A New Paradox of the Digital Economy: Structural Sources of the
Limitation of GDP Statistics,” Technology in Society, in print.
[9]
Ylhainen, I., (2017) Challenges of Measuring the
Digital Economy.
[10] McDonagh,
D., Satisfying Needs beyond the Functional: The Changing Needs of the Silver
Market Consumer. Presented at the International Symposium on the Silver Market
Phenomenon – Business Opportunities and Responsibilities in the Aging Society,
Tokyo, Japan.
[11] Statistics
Finland, (2017) “Productivity Surveys,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
[12] Balcerzak,
A.P. and Pietrzak, M.B., (2016) “Quality
of Institutions and Total Factor Productivity in the European Union,”
Statistics in Transition, Vol. 17, No. 3, 497-514.
[13] Nadiri,
M.I. and Schankerman, M.A. (1981) "The Structure of
Production, Technological Change, and the Rate of Growth of Total Factor
Productivity in the U.S. Bell System. In T.G. Cowing and R.E. Stevenson (eds.) Productivity Measurement
in Regulated Industries (Economic Theory, Econometrics, and Mathematical
Economics) 219-247. Academic Press, New York.
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L., (2017) “Finland Nurses Its Economy Back to Health,” EU Economy.
https://www.ft.com/content/73d66498-e19d-11e7-a8a4-0a1e63a52f9c
[15] IMF,
(2018) “World Economic Outlook
Database,” IMF, Washington.
[16] OECD,
(2018) “OECD
Database,” OECD, Paris.
[17] International
Telecommunication Union (ITU), (2018) “World
Telecommunication/ICT Indicators database, “ ITU, Geneva.
[18] Statistics
Finland, (2018a) “National
Accounts of Finland,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
[19] Naveed,
K., Watanabe, C. &Neittaanmäki, P., (2018) ”The Transformative Direction of
Innovation toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on
Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms,”
Technology in Society, Vol.53, pp 23-46.
[20] Watanabe,
C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. &Neittaanmäki, P., (2018a) ”Structural Sources
of a Productivity Decline in the Digital Economy,” International Journal of
Managing Information Technology, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp 1-20.
[21] Bulow,
J., (1986) “An Economic Theory of Planned Obsolescence,”Quarterly Journal of
Economics, Vol. 101, 729-749.
[22] Aladeojebi,
T.K., (2013) “Planned
Obsolescence,”International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Vol. 4, No. 6, 1504-1508.
[23] Chew,
M., Watanabe, C. &Tou, Y., (2010) ”Technology
Leapfrogging: Findings from Singapore’s Water Industry,” Journal of
Technology Management for Growing Economies, Vol. 1, No. 2, 29-47.
[24] Watanabe,
C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P., Fox, B., (2017) ”Consolidated Challenge
to Social Demand for Resilient Platforms: Lessons from Uber’s Global Expansion,”
Technology in Society, Vol. 48, 33–53.
[25] Watanabe,
C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P., (2016b) ”Co-evolution
between Trust in Teachers and Higher Education toward Digitally-rich Learning
Environments,”Technology in Society, Vol.48, pp 70–96.
[26] OECD,
(2017) “OECD
Review of Innovation Policy: Finland Assessment and Recommendation,” OECD,
Paris.
[27] Statistics
Finland, (2018c) “The Labor Market in Finland,” Statistics Finland, Helsinki.
[28] Statistics
Finland, (2018d). “Statistics Finland’s PX-Web databases,” Statistics Finland,
Helsinki.
[29] Watanabe,
C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki,P., (2017) ”ICT-driven Disruptive Innovation
Nurtures Uncaptured GDP: Harnessing Woemen’s Potential as Untapped Resources,”
Technology in Society, Vol.51, pp 81–101.
[30] Watanabe,
C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. &Tou, Y., (2016a) ”Co-evolution of Three
Mega Trends Nature Uncaptured GDP: Uber’s Ride-sharing Revolution,” Technology
in Society, Vol.46, pp 164–185.
[31] Naveed,
K., Watanabe, C. &Neittaanmäki, P., (2017) ”Co-evolution between Streaming
and Live Music Leads a Way to the Sustainable Growth of Music Industry:Lessons
from the US Experiences,” Technology in Society, Vol.50, pp 1-19.
AUTHORS
Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo
Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currently specially appointed associate
Chihiro Watanabe graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently
Professor Emeritus at
the Tokyo Institute of Technology,
research professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a research scholar
at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). (watanabe.c.pqr@gmail.com).
Leena Ilmola graduated from Aalto
University School of Science and Technology, Finland, and now is
currently
Senior Researcher at the International Institute of Technology (IIASA), Austria
(ilmola@iiasa.ac.at)
Kuniko Moriya graduated from Aoyama
Gakuin University, Japan, and is currently Director of the Bank of
Japan, and a
research scholar at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland
(kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp).
Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the
University of Jyväskylä with a degree in Mathematics. He is
currently
Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä,
Finland.
Paper -02
Exploring Key Elements
Required for Organizational Trust and the Consequential Impact on Knowledge
Sharing within Organizations
Robin Zarine
and Muhammad Saqib
Department
of Computing, Middle East College, KOM, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
ABSTRACT
This paper focuseson the
status of organizational trust in Muscatand its impact on organizational
learning (OL) which is based on the willingness of employees sharing knowledge
gathered through experience to improve organizational performance and
sustainable competitiveness [1].Online structured questionnaire and Microsoft
Excel used to collect and analyze the data showed significant organizational
trust exist within organizations including organizational transparency,
management style, employees’ welfare and support, and job security. But still,
minimalOL and sharing was happening contradicting theories that suggest
organizational trust leads to important group collaboration, willingness of
employees to share knowledge gathered through their experience and its close
link to OL. Lack of compassion and being too controlling at timeswere also
raisedas concerns and existing knowledge sharing technological support were
also not having much impact. Bringing people together for more effective
communications among teams and promoting knowledge sharing culture can lead the
way.
KEYWORDS
Organizational
trust, Trust Management, Learning and knowledge sharing
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AUTHORS
Robin Zarine is a Senior
Lecturer in Computer Science and ICT Management at the Middle East College in
Oman. He is actively involved in the planning and the quality management of the
institution. His research interest includes technological impact on pedagogy,
adoption of technology within HEIs, organisational trust and knowledge
management and sharing within organisations. He has published conference and
journal papers.
Dr. Muhammad Saqib is Associated with
MEC as Senior Lecturer and Program Manager for the last five years and involve
with teaching and research for the last 12 years. His areas of interest are
knowledge management and business intelligence, technology management and
sustainable innovations. He has published a number of journal and conference
papers.
Paper - 03
The Impact of Knowledge Management on the Function of Employee
Performance Appraisals in Industrial Companies - Case Study
H. Obaidat and M. A. Otair
Amman Arab University, Jordan
ABSTRACT
The study aimed at
identifying the impact of knowledge management on the function of employee
performance appraisals (it is one of the most important functions of human
resources management) in Jordanian industrial public shareholding companies,
relying on the descriptive analytical approach. A questionnaire has been
developed and distributed on individuals of the study sample consisting of
managers of departments and sections of human resources in each company. The number of
questionnaire retrieved and valid for statistical analysis (294) representing
(86.5%) of the distributed questionnaires. In order to analyze the study
sample, reliance was placed on descriptive statistics, represented in the
arithmetic means and standard deviations, in addition to the multiple linear
regression analysis in hypothesis testing. The study reached a number of
findings, most importantly, the presence of statistically significant impact at
the level of (α=0.05) for the knowledge management including its dimensions
(knowledge generation, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, knowledge
application) on the function of employee performance appraisals in Jordanian
industrial public shareholding companies. The study has recommended that the
Jordanian industrial public shareholding companies should follow an efficient
evaluation system capable of identifying the employees’ weaknesses.
KEYWORDS
Human resources management,
Knowledge Management, Employee Performance Appraisals, Industrial Companies
REFERENCES
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in Business Organizations.
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Paper - 04
NEO OPEN INNOVATION IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY: HARNESSING SOFT
INNOVATION RESOURCES
Yuji Tou1, Chihiro Watanabe2, 3, Kuniko Moriya4,
5, Pekka Neittaanmaki6
1 Dept. of Ind. Engineering
&Magm, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
2, 5, 6Faculty of Information
Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
3International Institute for
Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
4 Research and Statistics
Department, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
6Faculty of Information
Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
ABSTRACT
Successive increases in
R&D that creates new functionality are essential for global
competitiveness. However,unexpectedly, as a consequence of the two-faced nature
of information and communication technology (ICT), excessive R&D results in
a marginal productivity decline leading to a decrease in digital value
creation. In order to overcome such a dilemma, global ICT firms have been
endeavoring to transform themselves into disruptive business model. Neo open
innovation that harnesses soft innovation resources may be a solution to this
critical question. On the basis of an empirical analysis focusing on forefront
endeavors to this dilemma by global ICT firms, this paper attempted to
demonstrate the above hypothetical view. Noteworthy findings suggestive to
transforming the traditional business model into disruptive innovation that satisfies
people’s demand corresponding to their shift in preferences in the digital
economy is thus provided. In addition, a new concept for R&D resources in
the digital economy is postulated.
KEYWORDS
Digital economy, soft
innovation resources, neo-open innovation, disruptive business model,
transformation
REFERENCES
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Tapscott, D., 1994. The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence. McGraw-Hill, New York.
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Bloomberg, 2017. 2017 Global Innovation 1000 Study. Bloomberg, New York.
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Fox, J., 2018. Amazon, the Biggest R&D Spender,
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Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. &Neittaanmäki,
P., 2018. The Transformative Direction of Innovation
toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms. Technology in Society 53, 23-46.
[14]
Watanabe, C., Moriya, K.,
Tou, Y., Neittaanmäki, P., 2018a. Structural Sources of a Productivity Decline in the Digital Economy. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (1),
1-20.
[15]
Tou, Y., Moriya, K.,
Watanabe, C., Ilmola, L. &Neittaanmäki,
P., 2018a. Soft Innovation Resources:
Enabler for Reversal in GDP Growth in the Digital Economy. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (3), 9-28.
[16]
Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Ilmola,
L. Moriya, K., &Neittaanmäki,
P., 2018b. Hybrid Role of Soft Innovation Resources:
Finland’s Notable Resurgence in the Digital Economy International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (4),
in print.
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[21]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2017. ICT-driven
Disruptive Innovation Nurtures Uncaptured GDP: Harnessing Woemen’s Potential as
Untapped Resources. Technology in Society51, 81–101.
[22]
Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. &Neittaanmäki,
P., 2018b. Consequences of the Digital Economy: Transformation of the Growth
Concept.
International Journal of Managing
Information Technology10 (2), 21-39.
[23]
McDonagh, D., 2008. Satisfying Needs beyond the Functional: The
Changing Needs of the Silver Market
Consumer. Presented at the International Symposium on the Silver Market Phenomenon – Business Opportunities and
Responsibilities in the Aging Society, Tokyo,
Japan.
[24]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. &Tou, Y., 2016b.
Co-evolution of Three Mega
Trends Nature Uncaptured GDP: Uber’s
Ride-sharing Revolution. Technology in Society 46, 164–185.
[25]
Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2016c. Co-evolution between Trust in Teachers and Higher
Education toward Digitally-rich Learning Environments. Technology in Society
48, 70–96.
[26]
Naveed, K., Watanabe, C., Neittaanmäki, P., 2017.
Co-evolution between Streaming and
Live Music Leads a Way to the
Sustainable Growth of Music
Industry: Lessons from the US Experiences.
Technology in Society50, 1-19.
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AUTHOR
Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currently
specially appointed associate
Chihiro
Watanabe graduated from the
University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently Professor Emeritus at
the Tokyo Institute of Technology, research professor
at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a research scholar at the
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). (watanabe.c.pqr@gmail.com).
Kuniko Moriya graduated from Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, and
is currently Director of the Bank of
Japan, and a
research scholar at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland (kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp).
Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the University of Jyväskylä with a
degree in Mathematics. He is
currently
Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä,
Finland.
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